This dataset contains output from the TMPA (TRMM Multi-satellite Precipitation) Algorithm, and provides precipitation estimates in the TRMM regions that have the (nearly-zero) bias of the ”TRMM Combined Instrument” precipitation estimate and the dense sampling of high-quality microwave data with fill-in using microwave-calibrated infrared estimates. The granule size is 3 hours. The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) was a joint mission between NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration (JAXA) Agency to study rainfall for weather and climate research.

This dataset contains Global Precipitation Measurements (GPM) Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals (IMERG) v5. The Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) is the unified U.S. algorithm that provides the Day-1 multi-satellite precipitation product. The precipitation estimates from the various precipitation-relevant satellite passive microwave (PMW) sensors comprising the GPM constellation are computed using the 2014 version of the Goddard Profiling Algorithm (GPROF2014), then gridded, intercalibrated to the GPM Combined Instrument product, and combined into half-hourly 10x10 km fields. The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission is an international network of satellites that provide the next-generation global observations of rain and snow.

These data are a copy of MODIS data from the NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive & Distribution System (LAADS) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC). The copy is potentially only a subset. Below is the description from https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/missions-and-measurements/products/MOD04_L2 "The MODIS Aerosol Product monitors the ambient aerosol optical thickness over the oceans globally and over a portion of the continents. Further, the aerosol size distribution is derived over the oceans, and the aerosol type is derived over the continents. Daily Level-2 data are produced at the spatial resolution of a 10x10 1-km pixel array (at nadir). Prior to MODIS, satellite measurements were limited to reflectance measurements in one (GOES, METEOSAT) or two (AVHRR) channels. There was no real attempt to retrieve aerosol content over land on a global scale. Algorithms had been developed for use only over dark vegetation. The blue channel on MODIS, not present on AVHRR, offers the possibility to extend the derivation of optical thickness over land to additional surfaces. The algorithms use MODIS bands 1 through 7 and 20 and require prior cloud screening using MODIS data. Over the land, the dynamic aerosol models are derived from ground-based sky measurements and used in the net retrieval process. Over the ocean, three parameters that describe the aerosol loading and size distribution are retrieved. Pre-assumptions on the general structure of the size distribution are required in the inversion of MODIS data, and the volume-size distribution is described with two log-normal modes: a single mode to describe the accumulation mode particles (radius < 0.5 µm) and a single coarse mode to describe dust and/or salt particles (radius > 1.0 µm). The quality assurance control of these products will be based on comparison with ground stations and climatology. For additional details see the MODIS Atmospheres web site page onCollection 6.1 Updates. " Shortname: MOD04_L2 , Platform: Terra , Instrument: MODIS , Processing Level: Level-2 , Spatial Resolution: 10 km , Temporal Resolution: 5 minute , ArchiveSets: 61 , Collection: MODIS Collection 6.1 - Level 1, Atmosphere, Land (ArchiveSet 61) , PGE Number: PGE04 , File Naming Convention: MOD04_L2.AYYYYDDD.HHMM.CCC.YYYYDDDHHMMSS.hdf YYYYDDD = Year and Day of Year of acquisition HHMM = Hour and Minute of acquisition CCC = Collection number YYYYDDDHHMMSS = Production Date and Time AYYYYDDD = Year and Day of Year of acquisition , Citation: Levy, R., Hsu, C., et al., 2015. MODIS Atmosphere L2 Aerosol Product. NASA MODIS Adaptive Processing System, Goddard Space Flight Center, USA: http://dx.doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MOD04_L2.061 , Keywords: Climate Change, Atmospheric Correction, Aerosol Optical Depth/Thickness

These data are a copy of MODIS data from the NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive & Distribution System (LAADS) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC). The copy is potentially only a subset. Below is the description from https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/missions-and-measurements/products/MYD11A1 The MODIS/Aqua Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST/E) products provide per-pixel temperature and emissivity values in a sequence of swath-based to grid-based global products. The MODIS/Aqua LST/E Daily L3 Global 1 km SIN Grid,(Short name: MYD11A1), is a gridded version of the L2 Daily LST/E data set, whose LSTs are retrieved by the split-window algorithm. The Collection-4 (C4) LST/E L3 MYD11A1 product inputs include the MODIS L1B calibrated and geolocated radiances, geolocation, cloud mask, atmospheric profiles, land and snow cover. The band 31 and 32 emissivities are estimated by a classification-based emissivity method, which relies on the pixel's land cover type as determined by the land and snow cover inputs. Until June 2001, the AVHRR-based IGBP land cover product was used. Following that time, MODIS-derived land cover product was used. The estimated emissivities in arid and semi-arid areas are potentially uncertain, and users are advised to exercise caution in their applications. The day/night alogorithm extracts average temperatures (in Kelvin) and applies them to a pair of MODIS daytime and nighttime observations. This method yields 1 K accuracy for materials with known emissivities. The V4 MYD11A1 product has a temporal acquisition range of February 24, 2000 (2000-055) until January 3, 2007 (200-003). The C4 collection remains consistent with C41, and users may combine the two collections in a time-series analysis. The MODIS/Aqua Collection 41 (C41) products use a modified Collection-4 (C4) LST algorithm and Collection-5 (C5) data inputs. The C41 products primarily address underestimation problems in the C5 Climate Modeling Grid (CMG) products. Recent validation activities reveal that the C5 CMG products underestimate LSTs up to 6K especially in desert and semi-arid regions. The availability of this collection starts with MODIS/Aqua data acquisition on January 1, 2007 (2007-001). This date is driven by the availability of the MODIS C5 data inputs (level-1B radiance data, geolocation data, cloud mask, atmospheric profiles, and land and snow cover data). The MODIS/Aqua C5 LST/E L3 Global 5 km Grid product incorporates 1-km pixels, which are produced daily using the generalized split-window LST algorithm. This algorithm is optimally used to separate ranges of atmospheric column water vapor and lower boundary air surface temperatures into tractable sub-ranges. The surface emissivities in bands 31 and 32 are estimated from land cover types. The C5 MYD11_L2 product's acquisition range started March 5, 2000 (2000-065) and will continue until some time after the C6 reprocessing is complete. The C41 and C5 MODIS/Aqua LST/E products, including the MYD11A1, are validated to Stage-2 with well-defined uncertainties over a range of representative conditions. Further details regarding MODIS land product validation for the LST/E products are available from the MODIS land team validation site referenced under 'Val Status' section. The C41 LST products from 2007-001 will remain consistent with similar products from C4, and hence are amenable to combine them in a time-series analysis. Users should exercise caution, and not mix the C4.x (i.e., C4 and C41) and C5 LST products in their analyses. Shortname: MYD11A1 , Platform: Aqua , Instrument: MODIS , Processing Level: Level-3 , Spatial Resolution: 1 km , Temporal Resolution: daily , ArchiveSets: 6, 61 , Collection: MODIS Collection 6 (ArchiveSet 6) , PGE Number: PGE16M , File Naming Convention: MYD11A1.AYYYYDDD.hHHvVV.CCC.YYYYDDDHHMMSS.hdf YYYYDDD = Year and Day of Year of acquisition hHH = Horizontal tile number (0-35) vVV = Vertical tile number (0-17) CCC = Collection number YYYYDDDHHMMSS = Production Date and Time , Citation: Zhengming Wan - University of California Santa Barbara, Simon Hook, Glynn Hulley - JPL and MODAPS SIPS - NASA. (2015). MYD11A1 MODIS/Aqua Land Surface Temperature and the Emissivity Daily L3 Global 1km SIN Grid. NASA LP DAAC. http://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MYD11A1.006 , Keywords: Climate Change, Land Surface Temperature, Emissivity, Fires

These data are a copy of MODIS data from the NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive & Distribution System (LAADS) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC). The copy is potentially only a subset. Below is the description from https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/missions-and-measurements/products/MOD021KM "The MODIS Level-1B data set contains calibrated and geolocated at-aperture radiances for 36 discrete bands located in the 0.4 µm to 14.4 µm region of the electromagentic spectrum. These data are generated from MODIS Level-1A scans of raw radiance, and in the process are converted to geophysical units of W/(m2µm sr). In addition, the Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) may be determined for the solar reflective bands (1-19, 26) through knowledge of the solar irradiance (e.g., determined from MODIS solar diffuser data, and from the target illumination geometry). Additional data are provided including quality flags, error estimates and calibration data. Visible, shortwave infrared, and near infrared measurements are only made during the daytime, while radiances for the thermal infrared region (bands 20-25, 27-36) are measured continuously. The resolution of channels 1 and 2 is 250 m, channels 3 through 7 are 500m resolution, and the rest are 1 km resolution. However, for the MODIS L1B 1 km product, the 250 m and 500 m band radiance data and their associated uncertainties have been aggregated to 1 km resolution. Thus, the entire channel data set is referenced to the same spatial and geolocation scales. Separate L1B products are available for just the 250 m channels (MOD02QKM) and the 500 m channels (MOD02HKM) that preserve the original resolution of the data. Spatial resolution for pixels at nadir is 1 km, degrading to 4.8 km in the along-scan direction at the scan extremes. However, thanks to the overlapping of consecutive swaths and the respective pixels there, the resulting resolution at the scan extremes is about 2 km. A 55 degree scanning pattern at the EOS orbit of 705 km results in a 2330 km orbital swath width with global coverage every one to two days. A single MODIS Level-1B granule will nominally contain a scene built from 203 scans (or swaths) sampled 1354 times in the cross-track direction, corresponding to approximately 5 minutes worth of data. Since an individual MODIS scan (or swath) will contain 10 along-track spatial elements, the scene will be composed of 1354 by 2030 pixels, resulting in a spatial coverage of 2330 km by 2030 km. Due to the MODIS scan geometry, there will be increasing overlap occurring beyond about a 25 degree scan angle. Users requiring the full-resolution geolocation and solar/satellite geometry can obtain the separate MODIS Level-1 Geolocation product (MOD03) from LAADS." Shortname: MOD021KM , Platform: Terra , Instrument: MODIS , Processing Level: Level-1B , Spatial Resolution: 1 km , Temporal Resolution: 5 minute , ArchiveSets: 61, 6 , Collection: MODIS Collection 6.1 - Level 1, Atmosphere, Land (ArchiveSet 61) , PGE Number: PGE02 , File Naming Convention: MOD021KM.AYYYYDDD.HHMM.CCC.YYYYDDDHHMMSS.hdf AYYYYDDD = Acqusition Year and Day of Year HHMM = Hour and Minute of acquisition CCC = Collection number YYYYDDDHHMMSS = Production Date and Time YYYYDDD = Year and Day of Year of acquisition , Citation: MODIS Characterization Support Team (MCST), 2017. MODIS 1km Calibrated Radiances Product. NASA MODIS Adaptive Processing System, Goddard Space Flight Center, USA: http://dx.doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MOD021KM.061 , Keywords: Climate Change, Radiance

These data are a copy of MODIS data from the NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive & Distribution System (LAADS) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC). The copy is potentially only a subset. Below is the description from https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/missions-and-measurements/products/MOD14A1 MODIS Thermal Anomalies/Fire products are primarily derived from MODIS 4- and 11-micrometer radiances. The fire detection strategy is based on absolute detection of a fire (when the fire strength is sufficient to detect), and on detection relative to its background (to account for variability of the surface temperature and reflection by sunlight). Numerous tests are employed to reject typical false alarm sources like sun glint or an unmasked coastline. MOD14A1 is produced every 8 days at 1-kilometer resolution as a gridded level-3 product in the Sinusoidal projection. This product is unique in that it has three dimensions: fire-mask (1D) and a maximum fire-radiative-power (2D) are provided for each day (3D) in the 8-day period. For example, the fire-mask contains eight, band sequential (day) 1200 x 1200 images of fire data representing consecutive days of data collection. The Terra MODIS instrument acquires data twice daily (10:30 AM and PM), as does the Aqua MODIS (1:30 PM and AM). These four daily MODIS fire observations serve to advance global monitoring of the fire process and its effects on ecosystems, the atmosphere, and climate. Collection-5 MODIS/Terra Thermal Anomalies/Fire products are Validated Stage 3, meaning that uncertainties in the product and its associated structure are well quantified from comparison with reference in situ or other suitable reference data. These data are ready for use in scientific publications. Shortname: MOD14A1 , Platform: Terra , Instrument: MODIS , Processing Level: Level-3 , Spatial Resolution: 1 km , Temporal Resolution: daily , ArchiveSets: 6 , Collection: MODIS Collection 6 (ArchiveSet 6) , PGE Number: PGE29 , File Naming Convention: MOD14A1.AYYYYDDD.hHHvVV.CCC.YYYYDDDHHMMSS.hdf YYYYDDD = Year and Day of Year of acquisition hHH = Horizontal tile number (0-35) vVV = Vertical tile number (0-17) CCC = Collection number YYYYDDDHHMMSS = Production Date and Time , Citation: Louis Giglio, Chris Justice - University of Maryland and MODAPS SIPS - NASA. (2015). MOD14A1 MODIS/Thermal Anomalies/Fire Daily L3 Global 1km SIN Grid. NASA LP DAAC. http://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MOD14A1.006 , Keywords: Climate Change, Land Surface Temperature, Fires

These data are a copy of MODIS data from the NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive & Distribution System (LAADS) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC). The copy is potentially only a subset. Below is the description from https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/missions-and-measurements/products/MOD35_L2 " The MODIS Cloud Mask product is a Level-2 product generated at 1-km and 250-m (at nadir) spatial resolutions. The algorithm employs a series of visible and infrared threshold and consistency tests to specify confidence that an unobstructed view of the Earth's surface has been observed. An indication of shadows affecting the scene is also provided. The 250-m cloud mask flags are based on visible channel data only. Radiometrically-accurate radiances are required, thus holes in the Cloud Mask will appear wherever the input radiances are incomplete or of poor quality assurance. There are two MODIS Cloud Mask data product files: MOD35_L2, containing data collected from the Terra platform; and MYD35_L2, containing data collected from the Aqua platform. The MODIS cloud mask algorithm employs a battery of spectral tests, which use methodology applied in the AVHRR Processing scheme Over cLoudy Land and Ocean (APOLLO), International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP), CLoud Advanced Very high resolution Radiometer (CLAVR), and the Support of Environmental Requirements for Cloud Analysis and Archive (SERCAA) algorithms to identify cloudy FOVs. From these, a clear-sky confidence level (high confident clear, probably clear, undecided, cloudy) is assigned to each FOV. For inconclusive results, spatial- and temporal-variability tests are applied. The spectral tests rely on radiance (temperature) thresholds in the infrared and reflectance thresholds in the visible and near-infrared. Thresholds vary with surface type, atmospheric conditions (moisture, aerosol, etc.), and viewing geometry. In addition to the MOD02 calibrated radiances, a 1-km land/water mask, DEM, ecosystem analysis, snow/ice cover map, NCEP analysis of surface temperature and wind speed, and an estimate of precipitable water are required as inputs. A determination of the presence of global cloudiness is essential to the MODIS mission for two reasons. First, clouds play a critical role in the radiative balance of the Earth and must be accurately described to assess climate and potential climate change. Second, the presence of cloudiness must be accurately determined to properly retrieve many atmospheric and surface parameters. For many of these retrieval algorithms even thin cirrus represents contamination. Cloud mask validation will be conducted using MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) data from several field campaigns, all-sky cameras, and comparison with NOAA operational instruments and possibly ASTER. For additional details see the MODIS Atmospheres web site page onCollection 6.1 Updates. " Shortname: MOD35_L2 , Platform: Terra , Instrument: MODIS , Processing Level: Level-2 , Spatial Resolution: 250 m, 1 km , Temporal Resolution: 5 minute , ArchiveSets: 61 , Collection: MODIS Collection 6.1 - Level 1, Atmosphere, Land (ArchiveSet 61) , PGE Number: PGE03 , File Naming Convention: MOD35_L2.AYYYYDDD.HHMM.CCC.YYYYDDDHHMMSS.hdf YYYYDDD = Year and Day of Year of acquisition HHMM = Hour and Minute of acquisition CCC = Collection number YYYYDDDHHMMSS = Production Date and Time AYYYYDDD = Year and Day of Year of acquisition , Citation: Ackerman, S., et al., 2015. MODIS Atmosphere L2 Cloud Mask Product. NASA MODIS Adaptive Processing System, Goddard Space Flight Center, USA: http://dx.doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MOD35_L2.061 , Keywords: Cloud Fraction, Climate Change, Atmospheric Correction

These data are a copy of MODIS data from the NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive & Distribution System (LAADS) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC). The copy is potentially only a subset. Below is the description from https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/missions-and-measurements/products/MYD09A1 Shortname: MYD09A1 , Platform: Aqua , Instrument: MODIS , Processing Level: Level-3 , Spatial Resolution: 500 m , Temporal Resolution: 8 day , ArchiveSets: 61, 6 , Collection: MODIS Collection 6.1 - Level 1, Atmosphere, Land (ArchiveSet 61) , PGE Number: PGE21

These data are a copy of MODIS data from the NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive & Distribution System (LAADS) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC). The copy is potentially only a subset. Below is the description from https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/missions-and-measurements/products/MOD09GA Shortname: MOD09GA , Platform: Terra , Instrument: MODIS , Processing Level: Level-2 Tiled , Spatial Resolution: 500 m, 1 km , Temporal Resolution: daily , ArchiveSets: 61, 6 , Collection: MODIS Collection 6.1 - Level 1, Atmosphere, Land (ArchiveSet 61) , PGE Number: PGE13

These data are a copy of MODIS data from the NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive & Distribution System (LAADS) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC). The copy is potentially only a subset. Below is the description from https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/missions-and-measurements/products/MYD35_L2 " The MODIS Cloud Mask product is a Level-2 product generated at 1-km and 250-m (at nadir) spatial resolutions. The algorithm employs a series of visible and infrared threshold and consistency tests to specify confidence that an unobstructed view of the Earth's surface has been observed. An indication of shadows affecting the scene is also provided. The 250-m cloud mask flags are based on visible channel data only. Radiometrically-accurate radiances are required, thus holes in the Cloud Mask will appear wherever the input radiances are incomplete or of poor quality assurance. There are two MODIS Cloud Mask data product files: MOD35_L2, containing data collected from the Terra platform; and MYD35_L2, containing data collected from the Aqua platform. The MODIS cloud mask algorithm employs a battery of spectral tests, which use methodology applied in the AVHRR Processing scheme Over cLoudy Land and Ocean (APOLLO), International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP), CLoud Advanced Very high resolution Radiometer (CLAVR), and the Support of Environmental Requirements for Cloud Analysis and Archive (SERCAA) algorithms to identify cloudy FOVs. From these, a clear-sky confidence level (high confident clear, probably clear, undecided, cloudy) is assigned to each FOV. For inconclusive results, spatial- and temporal-variability tests are applied. The spectral tests rely on radiance (temperature) thresholds in the infrared and reflectance thresholds in the visible and near-infrared. Thresholds vary with surface type, atmospheric conditions (moisture, aerosol, etc.), and viewing geometry. In addition to the MYD02 calibrated radiances, a 1-km land/water mask, DEM, ecosystem analysis, snow/ice cover map, NCEP analysis of surface temperature and wind speed, and an estimate of precipitable water are required as inputs. A determination of the presence of global cloudiness is essential to the MODIS mission for two reasons. First, clouds play a critical role in the radiative balance of the Earth and must be accurately described to assess climate and potential climate change. Second, the presence of cloudiness must be accurately determined to properly retrieve many atmospheric and surface parameters. For many of these retrieval algorithms even thin cirrus represents contamination. Cloud mask validation will be conducted using MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) data from several field campaigns, all-sky cameras, and comparison with NOAA operational instruments and possibly ASTER. For additional details see the MODIS Atmospheres web site page onCollection 6.1 Updates. " Shortname: MYD35_L2 , Platform: Aqua , Instrument: MODIS , Processing Level: Level-2 , Spatial Resolution: 250 m, 1 km , Temporal Resolution: 5 minute , ArchiveSets: 61 , Collection: MODIS Collection 6.1 - Level 1, Atmosphere, Land (ArchiveSet 61) , PGE Number: PGE03 , File Naming Convention: MYD35_L2.AYYYYDDD.HHMM.CCC.YYYYDDDHHMMSS.hdf YYYYDDD = Year and Day of Year of acquisition HHMM = Hour and Minute of acquisition CCC = Collection number YYYYDDDHHMMSS = Production Date and Time AYYYYDDD = Year and Day of Year of acquisition , Citation: Ackerman, S., et al., 2017. MODIS Atmosphere L2 Cloud Mask Product. NASA MODIS Adaptive Processing System, Goddard Space Flight Center, USA: http://dx.doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MYD35_L2.061 , Keywords: Cloud Fraction, Climate Change, Atmospheric Correction