The CRU CY datasets consists of country averages at a monthly, seasonal and annual frequency, for ten climate variables in 289 countries. Spatial averages are calculated using area-weighted means. Variables include cloud cover (cld), diurnal temperature range (dtr), frost day frequency (frs), precipitation (pre), daily mean temperature (tmp), monthly average daily maximum (tmx) and minimum (tmn) temperature, vapour pressure (vap), Potential Evapo-transpiration (pet) and wet day frequency (wet). The CRU CY datasets produced by the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) at the University of East Anglia. Spatial averages are calculated using area-weighted means. CRU CY is derived directly from the CRU TS dataset and version numbering is matched between the two datasets. Thus, the first official version of CRU CY is v3.21, as it is based on CRU TS v3.21 (1901-2012) and the latest version of CRU-CY is v3.26 based on CRU TS v3.26 (1901-2017) for 289 countries. The data are available as text files with the extension '.per' and can be opened by most text editors. To understand the CRU-CY dataset, it is important to understand the construction and limitations of the underlying dataset, CRU TS. It is therefore recommended that all users read the paper referenced below (Harris et al, 2014).

WCRP CMIP5: Nonhydrostatic Icosahedral Atmospheric Model (NI CAM) Group NICAM-09 model output collection.

WCRP CMIP5: The MIROC team MIROC5 model output collection.The MIROC team consisted of the following agencies: Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute (AORI) and Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC).

This dataset collection brings together the datasets produced from the MICROphysicS of COnvective PrEcipitation (MICROSCOPE) project, the NERC funded part of the wider COPE (COnvective Precipitation Experiment) project. COPE was led by the National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS) and the UK Met Office, and involved scientists at the Universities of Leeds, Manchester and Reading, as well as international partners from the Universities of Purdue and Wyoming. As part of COPE, MICROSCOPE sought to improve predictions of severe convective rainfall by addressing the problem of the microphysics of precipitation in convective clouds. Data were collected during the project over Cornwall and Devon, UK, during July and August 2013 to study the clouds. Three research aircraft (Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) BAe146, Met Office Civil Contingency Aircraft (MOCCA) and University of Wyoming King Air), a ground-based radar and several other ground-based instruments took measurements of exactly how the rain forms and develops. The aircraft were equipped with instruments that can distinguish between liquid and solid particles at 200 mph, for example. A major objective was to find these needles in the haystack – the first few ice crystals that form in amongst the hundreds of cloud droplets per every cubic centimetre of cloud.

WCRP CMIP5: The MIROC team MIROC4h model output collection.The MIROC team consisted of the following agencies: Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute (AORI) and Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC).

WCRP CMIP5: The MIROC team MIROC-ESM model output collection.The MIROC team consisted of the following agencies: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) and Centre for Climate System Research / National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan.

The ESA Sea Surface Temperature Climate Change Initiative (ESA SST_cci) datasets accurately map the surface temperature of the global oceans over the period 1981 to 2016 using observations from many satellites. The data provide independently quantified SSTs to a quality suitable for climate research. The latest version (v2.1) of the data are described in the data paper: Merchant, C.J., Embury, O., Bulgin, C.E., Block T., Corlett, G.K., Fiedler, E., Good, S.A., Mittaz, J., Rayner, N.A., Berry, D., Eastwood, S., Taylor, M., Tsushima, Y., Waterfall, A., Wilson, R., Donlon, C. Satellite-based time-series of sea-surface temperature since 1981 for climate applications, Scientific Data 6:223 (2019). http://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0236-x Data are made freely and openly available under a Creative Commons License by Attribution (CC By 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ . To comply with the attribution aspect, please cite the above reference and the dataset citation given on the relevant dataset page.

WCRP CMIP5: Meteorological Research Institute of MRI/JMA MRI-ESM1 model output collection.

WCRP CMIP5: Meteorological Research Institute of MRI/JMA MRI-AGCM3-2H model output collection.

Model simulations undertaken by the Quantifying variability of the El Nino Southern Oscillation on adaptation-relevant time scales using a novel palaeodata-modelling approach (QPENSO) project. These are coupled ocean-atmosphere experiments with a modified version of the HadCM3 (UM version 4.5) climate model. The model has been modified to include stable isotopes of oxygen in both the ocean and atmosphere sub-models, after Tindall et al., 2009. The simulations are grouped into two experiments: 1) 'picontrol', comprising a single 750 year duration unforced pre-industrial boundary condition simulation; 2) 'forced', comprising a suite of six historical simulations of the interval 1160-1360 AD and including changes in solar, volcanic and greenhouse gas forcing. The six simulations represent an initial-condition ensemble over this interval. This project was funded by NERC under grant NE/H009957/1.