This dataset collection contains a 10 year monthly climatology and monthly composites of the fractional contributions of three phytoplankton size classes (micro-, nano- and picoplankton) over the globe for the period Sep 1997-2007, as produced by the Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML) using SeaWIFs data. Accompanying maps are also available. This dataset contributes to fulfilling the first objective of the National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO) Theme 2 programme (Monitoring, Diagnosis and Prediction of the Global Carbon-Cycle), Quantification of ocean biogeochemistry and carbon fluxes sub-theme 6 (ST6): Quantify the global oceanic organic C cycle using OC data, partitioned into phytoplankton (pigments, biomass, size structure & PFTs), particulate organic C, coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM), dissolved and particulate inorganic components. Understanding the interaction between phytoplankton and the in-water light field is crucial to model ocean primary production and to improve our comprehension of the role of biological processes in the ocean–carbon cycle. The absorption coefficient of phytoplankton is a fundamental quantity in marine primary production models because: - it alters the transmission of light underwater; - it modifies the photosynthetic response of phytoplankton to available light; - it can be used as a direct indicator of phytoplankton abundance and phytoplankton size; - it can be used as an indicator of environmental variability It is well known that the phytoplankton absorption coefficient is a function of the dominant phytoplankton pigment, chlorophyll-a, and that this relationship is directly linked to changes in both pigment composition and size structure.

This dataset collection presents a global surface ozone compilation for long-term trends and ESM (Earth System Model) evaluation. The project (Process Based Earth System Model Evaluation) brought together all publicly available surface ozone observations from online databases from the modern era to build a consistent dataset for the evaluation of chemical transport and chemistry-climate (Earth System) models for projects such as the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (CCMI) and Aer-Chem-MIP. From a total dataset of approximately 6600 sites and 500 million hourly observations from 1971-2015, approximately 2200 sites and 200 million hourly observations pass screening as high-quality sites in regional background locations that are appropriate for use in global model evaluation. There was generally good data volume in the datasets since the start of air quality monitoring networks in 1990 through to 2013. Ozone observations are biased heavily toward North America and Europe with sparse coverage over the rest of the globe. This dataset collection was made available for the purposes of model evaluation as a set of gridded metrics intended to describe the distribution of ozone concentrations on monthly and annual timescales. This collection currently holds version 2.4 data only, but future versions may follow.

This dataset contains the fractional contributions of three phytoplankton size classes (micro-, nano- and picoplankton) over the globe for the period 1997-2007, as produced by the Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML) using SeaWIFs data. A 10 year monthly climatology is available together with accompanying maps. This dataset was produced as part of the National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO) Theme 2 programme (Monitoring, Diagnosis and Prediction of the Global Carbon-Cycle), Quantification of ocean biogeochemistry and carbon fluxes sub-theme 6 (ST6).

This dataset contains Global Precipitation Measurements (GPM) Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals (IMERG) v6. The precipitation estimates from the various precipitation-relevant satellite passive microwave (PMW) sensors comprising the GPM constellation are computed using the 2017 version of the Goddard Profiling Algorithm (GPROF2017), then gridded, intercalibrated to the GPM Combined Ku Radar-Radiometer Algorithm (CORRA) product, and merged into half-hourly 0.1°x0.1° (roughly 10x10 km) fields. Level 3 data are averaged global gridded products, screened for bad data points The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission is an international network of satellites that provide the next-generation global observations of rain and snow.

Climate Linked Atlantic Sector Science (CLASS)nmat is a global dataset of monthly mean night marine air temperature (NMAT) that is produced on a 5° latitude by 5° longitude regular grid and covers the period 1880 to 2019. The temperature values are taken from version 3.0.0 of the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) for the period 1880-2014 and from version 3.0.2 of ICOADS thereafter. The in situ air temperature readings recorded between one hour after sunset and one hour after sunrise have been extracted from ICOADS and the ship data have been adjusted to reduce the effects of varying thermometer heights. The data have been adjusted from their respective recording heights to each of three reference heights: 2m, 10m and 20m. The air temperature readings have been subjected to a quality-control procedure and values that fail these tests have been excluded. Duplicate values have also been excluded. Additional adjustments have been applied to the data during the Second World War to account for non-standard thermometer exposures on some ships. The adjusted data have been aggregated into monthly mean values in each grid-cell; uncertainty estimates of these gridded values are also provided. The data have not been interpolated across missing grid boxes. In addition to the absolute temperature values, the gridded data also contain anomalies that are expressed with respect to three climatological averages (1961-90, 1971-2000 and 1981-2010). Averages across three large-scale domains are provided and these have been calculated from the 10m gridded anomaly data fields and these data are provided in comma-separated values (CSV) files. Uncertainty estimates in these averages are also provided. Dataset description: Gridded data: For each of the reference heights (2m, 10m and 20m) there are three files for each of the base periods. These files contain the absolute gridded data at the respective height, the anomaly values and the uncertainty estimates. The uncertainty estimates consist of three components (correlated, uncorrelated sampling) along with the total uncertainty estimates. Uncertainty values from the climatology estimates are also provided. The climatology files contain the smoothed climatology values along with the 200-member ensemble of climatology realizations, which are used to construct the climatology uncertainties. All uncertainties are 1-sigma values. Time series data: Monthly and annual anomaly averages across four regions are provided as CSV files: Global, northern/southern hemispheres and the tropics (30S-30N). These files also contain the corresponding uncertainty values. Format: The gridded files are available as NetCDF 4 files, and use a factor 6 compression level. The NetCDF files meet CF-compliance version 1.6. The time series data (large-scale averages) computed from the gridded data are available as comma-separated values (CSV). Please note that the current public release of ICOADS for the period after 2015 (the near-real-time updates) is version 3.0.1. In CLASSnmat we have used version 3.0.2, which is currently a test version and is not yet publicly available.

The global surface climate values data contain monthly and annual surface climatological averages and met element check values for surface CLIMAT reports. The message contains measurements meteorological parameters; the count of months of actual data, mean, standard deviation, median, and skewness of the record are all given for a specified parameter. The data span a maximum of 30 year period ending in December 1990 and December 2000.

This dataset contains the fractional contributions of three phytoplankton size classes (micro-, nano- and picoplankton) in monthly averages over the globe for the period 1997-2007, as produced by the Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML) using SeaWIFs data (The dataset was produced by the Plymouth Marine Laboratory by applying the algorithm of Brewin et al. (2010) directly to monthly SeaWiFS Level 3 composites of chlorophyll on a pixel-by-pixel basis.). A 10 year monthly climatology is also available as a separate dataset. Accompanying maps are available. This dataset was produced as part of the National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO) Theme 2 programme (Monitoring, Diagnosis and Prediction of the Global Carbon-Cycle), Quantification of ocean biogeochemistry and carbon fluxes sub-theme 6 (ST6).

This dataset contains Global Precipitation Measurements (GPM) Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals (IMERG) v5. The Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) is the unified U.S. algorithm that provides the Day-1 multi-satellite precipitation product. The precipitation estimates from the various precipitation-relevant satellite passive microwave (PMW) sensors comprising the GPM constellation are computed using the 2014 version of the Goddard Profiling Algorithm (GPROF2014), then gridded, intercalibrated to the GPM Combined Instrument product, and combined into half-hourly 10x10 km fields. The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission is an international network of satellites that provide the next-generation global observations of rain and snow.

The global weather observation data contain meteorological values observed at 3-hrly intervals by non-UK stations, as reported in SYNOP and METAR codes. The messages contain measurements of the concrete state, wind speed and direction, cloud type and amount, visibility, temperature, sunshine duration, precipitation amount, and present and past weather. The data span from 1974 to present.

The UKCP18 worldwide sea level projections are provided for the tide gauge locations presented in Palmer et al (2020). They follow the same methods as the UK projections with the exceptions that make use of globally complete GIA estimates and a larger set of GRD fingerprints. The data consist of annual time series of the projected change in the time-mean coastal water level relative to the average value for the period 1986-2005, consistent with the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) and the Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate. Projections are available for the RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 climate change scenarios (Meinshausen et al, 2011). The 5th, 50th and 95th percentile projections are provided for the total sea level change and the individual components. Further details are available in Palmer et al (2020), https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2019EF001413