This dataset contains monthly 1 degree averages of sea surface temperature data in Obs4MIPS format, from the European Space Agency (ESA)'s Climate Change Initiatve (CCI) Sea Surface Temperature (SST) v2.1 analysis. The data covers the period from 1981-2017, with the data from 1981 to 2016 coming from the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) project of the ESA CCI project. The data for 2017 were generated using the same approach but under funding from the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S). This particular product has been generated for inclusion in Obs4MIPs (Observations for Model Intercomparisons Project), which is an activity to make observational products more accessible for climate model intercomparisons. Data are made freely and openly available under a Creative Commons License by Attribution (CC By 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ When citing this dataset please also cite the associated data paper: Merchant, C.J., Embury, O., Bulgin, C.E., Block T., Corlett, G.K., Fiedler, E., Good, S.A., Mittaz, J., Rayner, N.A., Berry, D., Eastwood, S., Taylor, M., Tsushima, Y., Waterfall, A., Wilson, R., Donlon, C. Satellite-based time-series of sea-surface temperature since 1981 for climate applications, Scientific Data 6:223 (2019). http://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0236-x

The North Atlantic Climate System Integrated Study (ACSIS) Atlantic Ocean medium resolution SST dataset is a 5-day field of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) on a ½ degree by ½ degree grid from 1950 to 2014 and covers the Atlantic Ocean. The dataset is based on in situ ship and buoy SST observations from the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) Revision 3. Measurements which fail initial quality control checks are rejected and for each grid box where there is data a trimmed mean and sample standard deviation are calculated to produce super-observations. These are then expressed as anomalies from the 1981-2014 Climatology (mean, annual, semi-annual and tri-annual) from the European Space Agency (ESA) Climate Change Initiative (CCI) SST dataset (version 2.0) derived from satellite observations. The measurements are then interpolated using Kriging to infill gaps and estimate uncertainties. The spatial covariance used in the Kriging was derived from the CCI SST analysis residuals (CCI SST analysis minus the CCI SST climatology). After interpolation, bias corrections derived from the HadSST.4.0.0.0 dataset are applied. The dataset is available as annual CF complaint NetCDF files, with a total of 65 annual files available. Each file contains: the 5 day mean sea surface temperature; the corresponding climatological value, the sea surface temperature anomaly and the uncertainty in the sea surface temperature. The new dataset has been developed as part of the UK North Atlantic Climate System Integrated Study (ACSIS) for use in validation and comparison with regional climate models. Other potential uses include boundary forcing for regional reanalyses, monitoring and assessment of regional climate change and other studies requiring SST at a resolution higher than typical for the in situ products (i.e. < 1 month, < 1°) and spanning the satellite and pre-satellite era.

This v2.0 SST_cci Level 4 Analysis Climate Data Record (CDR) provides a globally-complete daily analysis of sea surface temperature (SST) on a 0.05 degree regular latitude-longitude grid. It combines the orbit data from the Advanced High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and Along Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) SST_cci Climate Data Records, using a data assimilation method to provide SSTs where there were no measurements. These data cover the period between 09/1981 and 12/2016. The dataset has been produced as part of the European Space Agency (ESA) Climate Change Initiative Sea Surface Temperature project(ESA SST_cci). The data products from SST CCI accurately map the surface temperature of the global oceans over the period 1981 to 2016 using observations from many satellites. The data provide independently quantified SSTs to a quality suitable for climate research. Data are made freely and openly available under a Creative Commons License by Attribution (CC By 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ .

This v2.0 SST_cci Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) Level 3 Uncollated (L3U) Climate Data Record (CDR) consists of stable, low-bias sea surface temperature (SST) data from the Along Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) series of satellite instruments. It covers the period between 11/1991 and 04/2012. This Level 3 Uncollated (L3U) product provides these SST data on a 0.05 regular latitude-longitude grid with a single orbit per file. The dataset has been produced as part of the European Space Agency (ESA) Climate Change Initiative Sea Surface Temperature project(ESA SST_cci). The data products from SST_cci accurately map the surface temperature of the global oceans over the period 1981 to 2016 using observations from many satellites. The data provide independently quantified SSTs to a quality suitable for climate research. This CDR Version 2.0 product is a later version of the Long Term product v1.1. Data are made freely and openly available under a Creative Commons License by Attribution (CC By 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ .

This dataset consists of Sea Surface Temperature data with uncertainty estimates, from the Along Track Scanning Radiometer series of satellite instruments (ATSR-1, ATSR-2 and AATSR). It forms part of the collection of datasets from the EUSTACE (EU Surface Temperature for All Corners of Earth) project, which is producing publically available daily estimates of surface air temperature since 1850 across the globe for the first time by combining surface and satellite data using novel statistical techniques. The Sea Surface Temperature data provided here were retrieved in the context of the European Space Agency's (ESA's) Climate Change Initiative (CCI) Sea Surface Temperature (SST) project, and comprise a Level 3c gridded product, on a 0.25 degree grid. This v1.2 product was provided for input into the EUSTACE project. It is provided here for traceability; more recent CCI data is available from the SST CCI catalogue pages.

This v2.0 SST_cci Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) Level 3 Collated (L3C) Climate Data Record (CDR) consists of stable, low-bias sea surface temperature (SST) data from the ATSR series of satellite instruments. It covers the period 11/1991 - 04/2012. This L3C product provides these SST data on a 0.05 regular latitude-longitude grid and collated to include all orbits for a day (separated into daytime and nighttime files). The dataset has been produced as part of the European Space Agency (ESA) Climate Change Initiative Sea Surface Temperature project(ESA SST_cci). The data products from SST CCI accurately map the surface temperature of the global oceans over the period 1981 to 2016 using observations from many satellites. The data provide independently quantified SSTs to a quality suitable for climate research. Data are made freely and openly available under a Creative Commons License by Attribution (CC By 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ .

This v2.0 SST_cci Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Level 2 Preprocessed (L2P) Climate Data Record (CDR) consists of stable, low-bias sea surface temperature (SST) data from the AVHRR series of satellite instruments. It covers the period between 08/1981 and 12/2016. This L2P product provides these SST data on the original satellite swath with a single orbit of data per file. The dataset has been produced as part of the European Space Agency (ESA) Climate Change Initiative Sea Surface Temperature project(ESA SST_cci). The data products from SST CCI accurately map the surface temperature of the global oceans over the period 1981 to 2016 using observations from many satellites. The data provide independently quantified SSTs to a quality suitable for climate research. Data are made freely and openly available under a Creative Commons License by Attribution (CC By 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

This v2.0 SST_cci Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Level 3 Collated (L3C) Climate Data Record (CDR) consists of stable, low-bias sea surface temperature (SST) data from the AVHRR series of satellite instruments. It covers the period 08/1981 - 12/2016. This L3C product provides these SST data on a 0.05 regular latitude-longitude grid and collated to include all orbits for a day (separated into daytime and nighttime files). The dataset has been produced as part of the European Space Agency (ESA) Climate Change Initiative Sea Surface Temperature project(ESA SST_cci). The data products from SST CCI accurately map the surface temperature of the global oceans over the period 1981 to 2016 using observations from many satellites. The data provide independently quantified SSTs to a quality suitable for climate research. Data are made freely and openly available under a Creative Commons License by Attribution (CC By 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ .

MOHMAT, (Met Office Historical Marine Air Temperature) is a gridded dataset of marine air temperature anomalies covering the period 1856-2006. The current version of the dataset is MOHMAT4, which is described in reference below (under Doc tab). MOHMAT is produced by taking in-situ measurements of MAT from ships and buoys, rejecting measurements which fail quality checks, converting the measurements to anomalies by subtracting climatological values from the measurements, and averaging the resulting anomalies on a 5 by 5 degree monthly grid. Note that only night-time data are used, because day-time data are corrupted by heat island effects. Up to 1996 the measurements used are those in the U.K. Marine Data Bank; more recent years use data coming in through the GTS. MOHMAT is no longer updated. After gridding the anomalies, bias corrections are applied to remove spurious trends caused by changes in ship deck heights and various unusual operational practices, and the data are smoothed to reduce noise. The data are provided by the Met Office.

The Met Office Hadley Centre's sea surface temperature data set, HadSST2, replaces the Met Office Historical Sea Surface Temperature dataset (MOHSST6) and is a monthly global field of SST (Sea Surface Temperature) on a 5 deg latitude by 5 deg longitude grid from 1850 to August 2013. The data are neither interpolated nor variance adjusted. The SST data are taken from the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set, ICOADS, from 1850 to 1997 and from the NCEP-GTS from 1998 to the present. HadSST2 is produced by taking in-situ measurements of SST from ships and buoys, rejecting measurements which which fail quality checks, converting the measurements to anomalies by subtracting climatological values from the measurements, and calculating a robust average of the resulting anomalies on a 5° by 5° degree monthly grid. After gridding the anomalies, bias corrections are applied to remove spurious trends caused by changes in SST measuring practices before 1942. The uncertainties due to under-sampling have been calculated for the gridded monthly data as have the uncertainties on the bias corrections. This dataset include: - SST anomaly data (HadSST2_SST_1850on.txt.gz) - 1961-1990 Climatology (HadSST2_climatology_5x5_1961_1990.txt) - numbers of observations used to calculate the average (HadSST2_nobs_1850on.txt.gz) - Estimates on the measurement and sampling errors on the SST data (HadSST2_m_and_s_errors_1850on.txt.gz) - bias-adjusted data using bias adjustments which represent the 97.5 percent and 2.5 percent confidence levels of the estimated errors on the adjustments (HadSST2_97.5_pct_bias_1850on.txt.gz and HadSST2_2.5_pct_bias_1850on.txt.gz). - Files showing the correction applied to the data e.g.: HadSST2_bucket_correction_median.txt.gz - the corrections applied to the data 1850-1941 HadSST2_bucket_correction_2.5pc.txt.gz - the lower bound of the 95% confidence range of the uncertainties 1850-1941 HadSST2_bucket_correction_97.5pc.txt.gz - the upper bound of the 95% confidence range of the uncertainties 1850-1941 A 1 degree version of HadSST2 is also available. Data were provided by the Met Office Hadley Centre. Dataset was produced by the Hadley Centre in collaboration with ICOADS.