MOHMAT, (Met Office Historical Marine Air Temperature) is a gridded dataset of marine air temperature anomalies covering the period 1856-2006. The current version of the dataset is MOHMAT4, which is described in reference below (under Doc tab). MOHMAT is produced by taking in-situ measurements of MAT from ships and buoys, rejecting measurements which fail quality checks, converting the measurements to anomalies by subtracting climatological values from the measurements, and averaging the resulting anomalies on a 5 by 5 degree monthly grid. Note that only night-time data are used, because day-time data are corrupted by heat island effects. Up to 1996 the measurements used are those in the U.K. Marine Data Bank; more recent years use data coming in through the GTS. MOHMAT is no longer updated. After gridding the anomalies, bias corrections are applied to remove spurious trends caused by changes in ship deck heights and various unusual operational practices, and the data are smoothed to reduce noise. The data are provided by the Met Office.

MOHSST, (Met Office Historical Sea-Surface Temperature) is a gridded dataset of sea-surface temperature anomalies covering the period 1856-2006. MOHSST has now been superceeded by HadSST2. We now recommend use of HadSST2 instead of MOHSST for all purposes. MOHSST is only still available in case it is needed for direct comparison with earlier work where MOHSST was used. MOHSST is produced by taking in-situ measurements of SST from ships and buoys, rejecting measurements which which fail quality checks, converting the measurements to anomalies by subtracting climatological values from the measurements, and averaging the resulting anomalies on a 5 by 5 degree monthly grid. Up to 1996 the measurements used are those in the U.K. Marine Data Bank; more recent years use data coming in through the GTS. After gridding the anomalies, bias corrections are applied to remove spurious trends caused by changes in SST measuring practices, and the data are smoothed to reduce noise. The data were provided by the Met Office Hadley Centre.

The Global Ocean Surface Temperature Atlas Plus (GOSTAplus) contains maps of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) climatologies and anomalies, Night Marine Air temperature climatologies and anomalies and Sea Ice coverage spanning the period 1851-1995. Dataset includes gridded, global SSTs from 1951-1990 and Sea Ice coverage from 1903 to 1994. The data are provided by the Met Office. Updated version of some data also available on request (to 1998).

Data for Cross-Chapter Box 3.2, Figure 1 from Chapter 3 of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6). Cross-Chapter Box 3.2, Figure 1 shows a comparison of observed and simulated changes in global mean temperature and precipitation extremes.  --------------------------------------------------- How to cite this dataset --------------------------------------------------- When citing this dataset, please include both the data citation below (under 'Citable as') and the following citation for the report component from which the figure originates: Eyring, V., N.P. Gillett, K.M. Achuta Rao, R. Barimalala, M. Barreiro Parrillo, N. Bellouin, C. Cassou, P.J. Durack, Y. Kosaka, S. McGregor, S. Min, O. Morgenstern, and Y. Sun, 2021: Human Influence on the Climate System. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 423–552, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.005. --------------------------------------------------- Figure subpanels --------------------------------------------------- Technically the figure has four panels, but since they are not marked all the data is in the parent directory. --------------------------------------------------- List of data provided --------------------------------------------------- This dataset contains: - Global annual maximum daily maximum daily maximum temperature (TXx) anomalies from 1953 to 2017 relative to 1961-1990 from HadEX3 observations and CMIP5 and CMIP6 models (human and natural forcings simulations) - Global annual maximum daily maximum daily maximum temperature (TXx) anomalies from 1953 to 2017 relative to 1961-1990 from HadEX3 observations and CMIP5 and CMIP6 models (natural forcings simulations) - Global annual maximum 1-day precipitation (rx1day) anomalies from 1953 to 2017  relative to 1961-1990 from HadEX3 observations and CMIP5 and CMIP6 models (natural forcing only simulations) - Global annual maximum 1-day precipitation (rx1day) anomalies from 1953 to 2017 relative to 1961-1990 from HadEX3 observations and CMIP5 and CMIP6 models (human and natural forcings simulations) --------------------------------------------------- Data provided in relation to figure --------------------------------------------------- - txx_anomalies_timeseries_historical.csv has data for the blue (CMIP5), red (CMIP6) and black (HadEX3) lines as well as blue and red shadings showing TXx anomalies (top left panel) - txx_anomalies_timeseries_natural has data for the blue (CMIP5), red (CMIP6) and black (HadEX3) lines as well as blue and red shadings showing TXx anomalies  (bottom left panel) - rx1day_anomalies_timeseries_historical has data for the blue (CMIP5), red (CMIP6) and black (HadEX3) lines as well as blue and red shadings showing Rx1day anomalies   (top right panel) - rx1day_anomalies_timeseries_natural has data for the blue (CMIP5), red (CMIP6) and black (HadEX3) lines as well as blue and red shadings showing Rx1day anomalies  (bottom right panel) CMIP5 is the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparion Project. CMIP6 is the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. HadEX3 is a land-surface dataset of climate extremes indices available on a 1.875 x 1.25 longitude-latitude grid covering 1901-2018. --------------------------------------------------- Sources of additional information --------------------------------------------------- The following weblinks are provided in the Related Documents section of this catalogue record: - Link to the report component containing the figure (Chapter 3) - Link to the Supplementary Material for Chapter 3, which contains details on the input data used in Table 3.SM.1 - Link to the code for the figure, archived on Zenodo.