CRUTEM (Climatic Research Unit TEMperature) is a gridded dataset of global historical near-surface air temperature anomalies over land at a monthly timescale. It is a collaborative product of the Climatic Research Unit at the University of East Anglia, the Met Office Hadley Centre and the National Centre for Atmospheric Science. CRUTEM also contributes the land air temperature station data to the global (land and ocean) temperature dataset called HadCRUT. CRUTEM5 is the fifth major version of the dataset, covering the time period from 1850, with a spatial resolution of 5° latitude by 5° longitude and a monthly-mean time resolution. The gridded temperature anomaly fields are based on a compilation of monthly-mean temperature observational records from weather stations. This compilation contains 10639 station records, but only 7983 records had the necessary coverage to be used for producing the gridded dataset. Anomalies are differences from average conditions in the 1961-1990 period. Hemispheric and global mean time series of land air temperature anomalies are also provided.

The overall aim of the UK Surface Ocean / Lower Atmosphere Study (UK SOLAS) is to advance understanding of environmentally significant interactions between the atmosphere and ocean, focusing on material exchanges that involve ocean productivity, atmospheric composition and climate. The knowledge obtained will improve the predictability of climate change and give insights into the distribution and fate of persistent pollutants. Data from observations made at the The Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory (16.848N, 24.871W) which exists to advance understanding of climatically significant interactions between the atmosphere and ocean and to provide a regional focal point and long-term data. The observatory is based on Calhau Island of São Vicente, Cape Verde in the tropical Eastern North Atlantic Ocean, a region which is data poor but plays a key role in atmosphere-ocean interactions of climate-related and biogeochemical parameters including greenhouse gases. It is an open-ocean site that is representative of a region likely to be sensitive to future climate change, and is minimally influenced by local effects and intermittent continental pollution. The dataset contains LongPath DOAS measurements.

CRUTEM4 is a gridded dataset of global historical near-surface air temperature anomalies over land. This specific version is CRUTEM4.2.0.0-2013-03, available for each month from January 1850 to March 2013, on a 5 degree grid. Hemispheric and global anomaly series are provided. The dataset is a collaborative product of the Climatic Research Unit at the University of East Anglia and the Met Office Hadley Centre. The CRUTEM4 dataset is updated on a monthly basis; these updates are available from the institutions listed below (see Links).

Blending a sea-surface temperature (SST) dataset with land air temperature makes an implicit assumption that SST anomalies are a good surrogate for marine air temperature anomalies. It has been shown that this is the case, and that marine SST measurements provide more useful data and smaller sampling errors than marine air temperature measurements would. So blending SST anomalies with land air temperature anomalies is a sensible choice. This dataset contains monthly and seasonal blended sea-surface temperatures (MOHSST6) with land air temperature data from the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) at the University of East Anglia (P.D. Jones). Data are represented on 5 deg. grids from 1856 to May 2002. The data were provided by the Met Office.