Data from the Met Office's Cyclone Database, consisting of flat files from the database covering 2000-2005 with associated charts. The database holds lists of cyclones, their types and structural information about each cyclone and associated features as derived from analysis of the UK Met Office Unified Model.

Synoptic charts from the Met Office's Cyclone Database, constructed from output stored in the database covering 2000-2005. The database holds lists of cyclones, their types and structural information about each cyclone and associated features as derived from analysis of the UK Met Office Unified Model. Database raw data available in its own dataset within this collection.

This dataset contains the 2000-member original validation test case for OpenIFS@home as presented in Sparrow et al 2021, GMD. These are results from an ensemble of forecast simulations of the tropical cyclone Karl from September 2016, studied during the NAWDEX field campaign. This cyclone underwent extratropical transition and intensified in mid-latitudes to give rise to an intense jet-streak near Scotland and heavy rainfall over Norway. The OpenIFS@Home data comprises output from the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) OpenIFS model run under the BOINC framework and managed by http://climateprediction.net/ at the University of Oxford. OpenIFS is derived from ECMWF's IFS operational forecast model. The dataset consists of a 2000 member ensemble of the ECMWF OpenIFS cycle 40 release 1 model, run on the OpenIFS@home volunteer framework. The spatial resolution of the dataset is approximately 125km at the equator (corresponding to a spectral resolution of T159) with 60 vertical levels The model output data format is WMO GRIB. Single level parameters and surface fields use GRIB-1 format whilst multi-level upper air fields use GRIB-2 format To work with GRIB files requires the ECMWF ecCodes package. This software provides command line tools for linux/macOS for inspecting the contents of these files, such as listing parameters and meta-information The model output files are on the native IFS grid, the so-called reduced Gaussian grid, rather than a regular latitude-longitude grid commonly used in plotting. The ECMWF metview application can be used to produce plots directly from the model output files without the need to interpolate first. Other applications exist, such as the Climate Data Operators (CDO) that can be used to first convert the GRIB model output files to netCDF for use in other plotting packages. The data is arranged into subdirectories (one per ensemble member), each containing a zip file of the output GRIB data for that simulation. These follow the standard OpenIFS output format and represent 6 hourly snapshots throughout the forecast. The number in the filename denotes the hour of the forecast contained in each respective GRIB file

This collection of datasets hold the tropical storm tracks derived from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) HighResMIP model simulations obtained from the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF). Different storm tracking algorithms are used to identify the storm tracks including TRACK (Hodges, K., et. al., 2017) and TempestExtremes (Ullrich and Zarzycki, 2017; Zarzycki and Ullrich, 2017).

This dataset collection contains winter (October - March) extra-tropical cyclone tracks generated by TRACK (Hodges 1994, 1995, 1999) that pass through a Western European domain from three re-analysis datasets: ERA-20C (1900-2010), ERA-Interim (1979-2010) and NCEP-CFS (1979-2010). The tracks were filtered to retain those that travelled 1000km and lasted 2 days. Fields referenced to the tracks are: mean sea-level pressure (min within 5 degrees), 925hPa windspeed (max within 6 degrees), precipitation (max within 5 degrees), 700hPa vertical velocity (min within 5 degrees), 925hPa land-windspeed (max within 6 degrees), precipitation (area average over 5 degrees). This data was collected as part of Robust Spatial Projections for the Real World (Real Projections) NERC (Natural Environment Research Council) NE/N018486/1.

This dataset contains winter (October-March) extra-tropical cyclone tracks generated by TRACK (Hodges 1994, 1995, 1999) that pass through a Western European domain from the ERA-Interim (1979-2010). The tracks were filtered to retain those that travelled 1000km and lasted 2 days. Fields referenced to the tracks are: mean sea-level pressure (min within 5 degrees), 925hPa windspeed (max within 6 degrees), precipitation (max within 5 degrees), 700hPa vertical velocity (min within 5 degrees), 925hPa land-windspeed (max within 6 degrees), precipitation (area average over 5 degrees). This data was collected as part of Robust Spatial Projections for the Real World (Real Projections) NERC (Natural Environment Research Council) NE/N018486/1. For files with the naming convention: [Dataset]_tr_trs_VOR850_[yearstart][yearend]_pos.addmslp_addspeed_addprecip_addomega_addlandwinds_addavgprecip.new_1000km2dayfiltered[_RealProjregion2filtered_maxlandwindsinregion].txt The track files contain a 5 line header. The information in the body of the file gives: 1. Date and time (YYYYMMDDHH). 2. Longitude of relative vorticity maximum (degrees). 3. Latitude of relative vorticity maximum (degrees). 4. Relative vorticty at T42 resolution (x10-5 s-1). 5. Longitude of associated MSLP minimum (degrees). 6. Latitude of associated MSLP minimum (degrees). 7. MSLP minimum (hPa). 8. Longitude of 925hPa windspeed maximum within a 6 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees). 9. Latitude of 925hPa windspeed maximum within a 6 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees). 10. 925hPa windspeed maximum within a 6 degree radius of vorticity maximum (ms-1). 11. Longitude of precipitation maximum within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees) 12. Latitude of precipitation maximum within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees) 13. Precipitation maximum within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (mmhr-1) 14. Longitude of 700hPa minimum vertical velocity within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees) 15. Latitude of 700hPa minimum vertical velocity within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees) 16. 700hPa vertical velocity minimum within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (ms-1) 17. Longitude of 925hPa windspeed maximum over European and Scandinavian land within a 6 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees). 18. Latitude of 925hPa windspeed maximum over European and Scandinavian land within a 6 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees). 19. 925hPa windspeed maximum over European and Scandinavian land within a 6 degree radius of vorticity maximum (ms-1). 20. Precipitation area averaged over a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (mmhr-1) The [_RealProjregion2filtered_maxlandwindsinregion] refers to data that has been filtered to those storms that have their maximum 925hPa windspeed over land in the region. The add[field] refers to which field, and the order, in which the meteorological fields have been referenced to the vorticity centres. For files with the naming convention: [Dataset]_tr_trs_VOR850_[yearstart][yearend]_pos.addmslp_addspeed_addprecip_addomega_addlandwinds_addavgprecip_addmax5cmorph_addavg5cmorph.new_1000km2dayfiltered_RealProjregion2filtered_maxlandwindsinregion.txt (i.e. these include two additional fields for a smaller temporal range) The same track information as above in included, plus: 21. Longitude of CMORPH precipitation maximum within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees) 22. Latitude of CMORPH precipitation maximum within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees) 23. CMORPH precipitation maximum within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (mmhr-1) 24. CMORPH precipitation area averaged over a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (mmhr-1)

These data are the tropical storm tracks calculated using the "TRACK" storm tracking algorithm. The storm tracks are from experiments run as part of HighResMIP (High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project; Haarsma, R. J. and co-authors) a component of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). The raw HighResMIP data are available from the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF), here the calculated storm tracks are available. The storm tracks are provided as Climate Model Output Rewriter (CMOR)-like NetCDF files with one file per hemisphere for all years in the simulated period of HighResMIP experiments: 1950-2014 - highresSST-present, atmosphere-only; 2015-2050 - highresSST-future experiment, atmosphere-only; 1950-2050 – control-1950, coupled atmosphere-ocean; 1950-2014 – hist-1950, coupled atmosphere-ocean; 2015-2050 – highres-future, coupled atmosphere-ocean using SSP585 scenario. There is one tracked variable in each file with time, latitude and longitude coordinates associated at each six-hour interval. Other variables associated with each track are also provided, e.g. the minimum or maximum value adjacent to the track of the variable of interest and these variables have their own latitude and longitude coordinate variables. If a maximum/minimum value is not found, then a missing data value is used for the respective latitude-longitude values.

This dataset contains winter (October-March) extra-tropical cyclone tracks generated by TRACK (Hodges 1994, 1995, 1999) that pass through a Western European domain from NCEP-CFS (1979-2010). The tracks were filtered to retain those that travelled 1000km and lasted 2 days. Fields referenced to the tracks are: mean sea-level pressure (min within 5 degrees), 925hPa windspeed (max within 6 degrees), precipitation (max within 5 degrees), 700hPa vertical velocity (min within 5 degrees), 925hPa land-windspeed (max within 6 degrees), precipitation (area average over 5 degrees). This data was collected as part of Robust Spatial Projections for the Real World (Real Projections) NERC (Natural Environment Research Council) NE/N018486/1. For files with the naming convention: [Dataset]_tr_trs_VOR850_[yearstart][yearend]_pos.addmslp_addspeed_addprecip_addomega_addlandwinds_addavgprecip.new_1000km2dayfiltered[_RealProjregion2filtered_maxlandwindsinregion].txt The track files contain a 5 line header. The information in the body of the file gives: 1. Date and time (YYYYMMDDHH). 2. Longitude of relative vorticity maximum (degrees). 3. Latitude of relative vorticity maximum (degrees). 4. Relative vorticty at T42 resolution (x10-5 s-1). 5. Longitude of associated MSLP minimum (degrees). 6. Latitude of associated MSLP minimum (degrees). 7. MSLP minimum (hPa). 8. Longitude of 925hPa windspeed maximum within a 6 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees). 9. Latitude of 925hPa windspeed maximum within a 6 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees). 10. 925hPa windspeed maximum within a 6 degree radius of vorticity maximum (ms-1). 11. Longitude of precipitation maximum within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees) 12. Latitude of precipitation maximum within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees) 13. Precipitation maximum within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (mmhr-1) 14. Longitude of 700hPa minimum vertical velocity within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees) 15. Latitude of 700hPa minimum vertical velocity within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees) 16. 700hPa vertical velocity minimum within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (ms-1) 17. Longitude of 925hPa windspeed maximum over European and Scandinavian land within a 6 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees). 18. Latitude of 925hPa windspeed maximum over European and Scandinavian land within a 6 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees). 19. 925hPa windspeed maximum over European and Scandinavian land within a 6 degree radius of vorticity maximum (ms-1). 20. Precipitation area averaged over a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (mmhr-1) The [_RealProjregion2filtered_maxlandwindsinregion] refers to data that has been filtered to those storms that have their maximum 925hPa windspeed over land in the region. The add[field] refers to which field, and the order, in which the meteorological fields have been referenced to the vorticity centres. For files with the naming convention: [Dataset]_tr_trs_VOR850_[yearstart][yearend]_pos.addmslp_addspeed_addprecip_addomega_addlandwinds_addavgprecip_addmax5cmorph_addavg5cmorph.new_1000km2dayfiltered_RealProjregion2filtered_maxlandwindsinregion.txt (i.e. these include two additional fields for a smaller temporal range) The same track information as above in included, plus: 21. Longitude of CMORPH precipitation maximum within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees) 22. Latitude of CMORPH precipitation maximum within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees) 23. CMORPH precipitation maximum within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (mmhr-1) 24. CMORPH precipitation area averaged over a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (mmhr-1)

These data are the tropical storm tracks calculated using the "TempestExtremes" storm tracking algorithm. The storm tracks are from experiments run as part of HighResMIP (High Resolution Model Intercomparison Project; Haarsma, R. J. and co-authors) a component of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). The raw HighResMIP data are available from the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF), here the calculated storm tracks are available. The storm tracks are provided as Climate Model Output Rewriter (CMOR)-like NetCDF files with one file per hemisphere for all years in the simulated period of HighResMIP experiments: 1950-2014 - highresSST-present, atmosphere-only; 2015-2050 - highresSST-future experiment, atmosphere-only; 1950-2050 – control-1950, coupled atmosphere-ocean; 1950-2014 – hist-1950, coupled atmosphere-ocean; 2015-2050 – highres-future, coupled atmosphere-ocean using SSP585 scenario. There is one tracked variable in each file with time, latitude and longitude coordinates associated at each six-hour interval. Other variables associated with each track are also provided, e.g. the minimum or maximum value adjacent to the track of the variable of interest and these variables have their own latitude and longitude coordinate variables. If a maximum/minimum value is not found, then a missing data value is used for the respective latitude-longitude values.

This dataset contains winter (October-March) extra-tropical cyclone tracks generated by TRACK (Hodges 1994, 1995, 1999) that pass through a Western European domain from the ERA-20C (1900-2010). The tracks were filtered to retain those that travelled 1000km and lasted 2 days. Fields referenced to the tracks are: mean sea-level pressure (min within 5 degrees), 925hPa windspeed (max within 6 degrees), precipitation (max within 5 degrees), 700hPa vertical velocity (min within 5 degrees), 925hPa land-windspeed (max within 6 degrees), precipitation (area average over 5 degrees). This data was collected as part of Robust Spatial Projections for the Real World (Real Projections) NERC (Natural Environment Research Council) NE/N018486/1. For files with the naming convention: [Dataset]_tr_trs_VOR850_[yearstart][yearend]_pos.addmslp_addspeed_addprecip_addomega_addlandwinds_addavgprecip.new_1000km2dayfiltered[_RealProjregion2filtered_maxlandwindsinregion].txt The track files contain a 5 line header. The information in the body of the file gives: 1. Date and time (YYYYMMDDHH). 2. Longitude of relative vorticity maximum (degrees). 3. Latitude of relative vorticity maximum (degrees). 4. Relative vorticty at T42 resolution (x10-5 s-1). 5. Longitude of associated MSLP minimum (degrees). 6. Latitude of associated MSLP minimum (degrees). 7. MSLP minimum (hPa). 8. Longitude of 925hPa windspeed maximum within a 6 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees). 9. Latitude of 925hPa windspeed maximum within a 6 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees). 10. 925hPa windspeed maximum within a 6 degree radius of vorticity maximum (ms-1). 11. Longitude of precipitation maximum within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees) 12. Latitude of precipitation maximum within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees) 13. Precipitation maximum within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (mmhr-1) 14. Longitude of 700hPa minimum vertical velocity within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees) 15. Latitude of 700hPa minimum vertical velocity within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees) 16. 700hPa vertical velocity minimum within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (ms-1) 17. Longitude of 925hPa windspeed maximum over European and Scandinavian land within a 6 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees). 18. Latitude of 925hPa windspeed maximum over European and Scandinavian land within a 6 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees). 19. 925hPa windspeed maximum over European and Scandinavian land within a 6 degree radius of vorticity maximum (ms-1). 20. Precipitation area averaged over a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (mmhr-1) The [_RealProjregion2filtered_maxlandwindsinregion] refers to data that has been filtered to those storms that have their maximum 925hPa windspeed over land in the region. The add[field] refers to which field, and the order, in which the meteorological fields have been referenced to the vorticity centres. For files with the naming convention: [Dataset]_tr_trs_VOR850_[yearstart][yearend]_pos.addmslp_addspeed_addprecip_addomega_addlandwinds_addavgprecip_addmax5cmorph_addavg5cmorph.new_1000km2dayfiltered_RealProjregion2filtered_maxlandwindsinregion.txt (i.e. these include two additional fields for a smaller temporal range) The same track information as above in included, plus: 21. Longitude of CMORPH precipitation maximum within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees) 22. Latitude of CMORPH precipitation maximum within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (degrees) 23. CMORPH precipitation maximum within a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (mmhr-1) 24. CMORPH precipitation area averaged over a 5 degree radius of vorticity maximum (mmhr-1)