This dataset contains v4.0 permafrost extent data produced as part of the European Space Agency's (ESA) Climate Change Initiative (CCI) Permafrost project. It forms part of the third version of their Climate Research Data Package (CRDP v3). It is derived from a thermal model driven and constrained by satellite data. CRDPv3 covers the years from 1997 to 2021. Grid products of CDRP v3 are released in annual files, covering the start to the end of the Julian year. This corresponds to average annual ground temperatures (at 2 m depth) which forms the basis for the retrieval of yearly fraction of permafrost-underlain and permafrost-free area within a pixel. A classification according to the IPA (International Permafrost Association) zonation delivers the well-known permafrost zones, distinguishing isolated (0-10%) sporadic (10-50%), discontinuous (50-90%) and continuous permafrost (90-100%). Case A: It covers the Northern Hemisphere (north of 30°) for the period 2003-2021 based on MODIS Land Surface temperature merged with downscaled ERA5 reanalysis near-surface air temperature data. Case B: It covers the Northern Hemisphere (north of 30°) for the period 1997-2002 based on downscaled ERA5 reanalysis near-surface air temperature data which are bias-corrected with the Case A product for the overlap period 2003-2021 using a pixel-specific statistics for each day of the year.

This is version v3.4.0.2023f of Met Office Hadley Centre's Integrated Surface Database, HadISD. These data are global sub-daily surface meteorological data. This update (v3.4.0.2023f) to HadISD corrects a long-standing bug which was discovered in autumn 2023 whereby the neighbour checks (and associated [un]flagging for some other tests) were not being implemented. For more details see the posts on the HadISD blog: https://hadisd.blogspot.com/2023/10/bug-in-buddy-checks.html & https://hadisd.blogspot.com/2024/01/hadisd-v3402023f-future-look.html The quality controlled variables in this dataset are: temperature, dewpoint temperature, sea-level pressure, wind speed and direction, cloud data (total, low, mid and high level). Past significant weather and precipitation data are also included, but have not been quality controlled, so their quality and completeness cannot be guaranteed. Quality control flags and data values which have been removed during the quality control process are provided in the qc_flags and flagged_values fields, and ancillary data files show the station listing with a station listing with IDs, names and location information. The data are provided as one NetCDF file per station. Files in the station_data folder station data files have the format "station_code"_HadISD_HadOBS_19310101-20230101_v3.4.1.2023f.nc. The station codes can be found under the docs tab. The station codes file has five columns as follows: 1) station code, 2) station name 3) station latitude 4) station longitude 5) station height. To keep informed about updates, news and announcements follow the HadOBS team on twitter @metofficeHadOBS. For more detailed information e.g bug fixes, routine updates and other exploratory analysis, see the HadISD blog: http://hadisd.blogspot.co.uk/ References: When using the dataset in a paper you must cite the following papers (see Docs for link to the publications) and this dataset (using the "citable as" reference) : Dunn, R. J. H., (2019), HadISD version 3: monthly updates, Hadley Centre Technical Note. Dunn, R. J. H., Willett, K. M., Parker, D. E., and Mitchell, L.: Expanding HadISD: quality-controlled, sub-daily station data from 1931, Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 5, 473-491, doi:10.5194/gi-5-473-2016, 2016. Dunn, R. J. H., et al. (2012), HadISD: A Quality Controlled global synoptic report database for selected variables at long-term stations from 1973-2011, Clim. Past, 8, 1649-1679, 2012, doi:10.5194/cp-8-1649-2012 Smith, A., N. Lott, and R. Vose, 2011: The Integrated Surface Database: Recent Developments and Partnerships. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 92, 704–708, doi:10.1175/2011BAMS3015.1 For a homogeneity assessment of HadISD please see this following reference Dunn, R. J. H., K. M. Willett, C. P. Morice, and D. E. Parker. "Pairwise homogeneity assessment of HadISD." Climate of the Past 10, no. 4 (2014): 1501-1522. doi:10.5194/cp-10-1501-2014, 2014.

Meteorological data was collected by the University of Manchester at Langmuir ground station in the Magdalena Mountains, New Mexico, between July and August 2022 as part of the Deep Convective Microphysics Experiment (DCMEX) project. This dataset contains meteorological data from two ground meteorological stations. A Gill MaxiMet GMX600 meteorological station was installed at the Langmuir Laboratory main building (33.97495N, 107.18100W, ~3255 m) next to the Digitel aerosol filter sampler and provides measurements of wind speed, wind direction, temperature, humidity, pressure, and precipitation rate. A second meteorological station, a Vaisalla WTX536 meteorological station, was installed at the Langmuir Kiva-2 laboratory next to the Digitel aerosol filter sampler and provides measurements of wind speed, wind direction, temperature, humidity, pressure, and precipitation rate. The meteorological stations are supported by the University of Manchester scientists.

This dataset contains v4.0 permafrost ground temperature data produced as part of the European Space Agency's (ESA) Climate Change Initiative (CCI) Permafrost project. It forms part of the third version of their Climate Research Data Package (CRDP v3). It is derived from a thermal model driven and constrained by satellite data. CRDPv3 covers the years from 1997 to 2021. Grid products of CDRP v3 are released in annual files, covering the start to the end of the Julian year. This corresponds to average annual ground temperatures and is provided for specific depths (surface, 1m, 2m, 5m , 10m). Case A: It covers the Northern Hemisphere (north of 30°) for the period 2003-2021 based on MODIS Land Surface temperature merged with downscaled ERA5 reanalysis near-surface air temperature data. Case B: It covers the Northern Hemisphere (north of 30°) for the period 1997-2002 based on downscaled ERA5 reanalysis near-surface air temperature data which are bias-corrected with the Case A product for the overlap period 2003-2021 using a pixel-specific statistics for each day of the year.

This dataset contains v4.0 permafrost active layer thickness data produced as part of the European Space Agency's (ESA) Climate Change Initiative (CCI) Permafrost project. It forms part of the third version of their Climate Research Data Package (CRDP v3). It is derived from a thermal model driven and constrained by satellite data. CRDPv3 covers the years from 1997 to 2021. Grid products of CDRP v3 are released in annual files, covering the start to the end of the Julian year. The maximum depth of seasonal thaw is provided, which corresponds to the active layer thickness. Case A: It covers the Northern Hemisphere (north of 30°) for the period 2003-2021 based on MODIS Land Surface temperature merged with downscaled ERA5 reanalysis near-surface air temperature data. Case B: It covers the Northern Hemisphere (north of 30°) for the period 1997-2002 based on downscaled ERA5 reanalysis near-surface air temperature data which are bias-corrected with the Case A product for the overlap period 2003-2021 using a pixel-specific statistics for each day of the year.

Aerosol number-size distribution data collected by the University of Manchester at the Kiva-2 site at Langmuir ground station in the Magdalena Mountains, New Mexico, between July and August 2022 as part of the Deep Convective Microphysics Experiment (DCMEX) project. Instrument supplied by the National Centre for Atmospheric Science - Atmospheric Measurement and Observation Facility (NCAS-AMOF). This version 1.0 dataset contains the aerosol size distribution data from the Kiva-2 site at Langmuir Laboratory. A GRIMM Optical Particle Counter (OPC) model 1.108 was installed at the Langmuir Laboratory Kiva-2 site (33.97495N, 107.18100W, ~3255 m). The GRIMM OPC was supported by AMOF and the University of Manchester scientists.

This collection of data forms the Permafrost Climate Research Data Package (CRDP v2), which comprises the Version 3.0 Permafrost data products from the European Space Agency's (ESA) Climate Change Initiative (CCI) Permafrost project. Data products include Ground Temperature, Active Layer Thickness and Permafrost Extent for the Northern Hemisphere (north of 30°) for the period 1997-2019. They are derived from a thermal model driven and constrained by satellite data. Gridded products are released in annual files, covering the start to the end of the Julian year. This corresponds to average annual ground temperatures, as well as the maximum depth of seasonal thaw, which corresponds to the active layer thickness.

The World Climate Research Program (WCRP) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 6 (CMIP6) data from the Met Office Hadley Centre (MOHC) HadGEM3-GC31-LL model output for the "historical solar-only run" (hist-sol) experiment. These are available at the following frequencies: Amon, Emon, EmonZ, LImon, Lmon, Omon, SImon and day. The runs included the ensemble members: r11i1p1f3, r12i1p1f3, r13i1p1f3, r14i1p1f3, r15i1p1f3, r16i1p1f3, r17i1p1f3, r18i1p1f3, r19i1p1f3, r20i1p1f3, r21i1p1f3, r22i1p1f3, r23i1p1f3, r24i1p1f3, r25i1p1f3, r26i1p1f3, r27i1p1f3, r28i1p1f3, r29i1p1f3, r30i1p1f3, r31i1p1f3, r32i1p1f3, r33i1p1f3, r34i1p1f3, r35i1p1f3, r36i1p1f3, r37i1p1f3, r38i1p1f3, r39i1p1f3, r40i1p1f3, r41i1p1f3, r42i1p1f3, r43i1p1f3, r44i1p1f3, r45i1p1f3, r46i1p1f3, r47i1p1f3, r48i1p1f3, r49i1p1f3, r50i1p1f3, r51i1p1f3, r52i1p1f3, r53i1p1f3, r54i1p1f3, r55i1p1f3, r56i1p1f3, r57i1p1f3, r58i1p1f3, r59i1p1f3 and r60i1p1f3. CMIP6 was a global climate model intercomparison project, coordinated by PCMDI (Program For Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison) on behalf of the WCRP and provided input for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 6th Assessment Report (AR6). The official CMIP6 Citation, and its associated DOI, is provided as an online resource linked to this record.