Input data for Figure 2.16 from Chapter 2 of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6). Figure 2.16 provides global precipitation minus evaporation trend maps and time series from a variety of data sources --------------------------------------------------- How to cite this dataset --------------------------------------------------- When citing this dataset, please include both the data citation below (under 'Citable as') and the following citation for the report component from which the figure originates: Gulev, S.K., P.W. Thorne, J. Ahn, F.J. Dentener, C.M. Domingues, S. Gerland, D. Gong, D.S. Kaufman, H.C. Nnamchi, J. Quaas, J.A. Rivera, S. Sathyendranath, S.L. Smith, B. Trewin, K. von Schuckmann, and R.S. Vose, 2021: Changing State of the Climate System. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change[Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 287–422, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.004. --------------------------------------------------- Figure subpanels --------------------------------------------------- The figure has four panels, with input data provided for all panels in the main directory --------------------------------------------------- List of data provided --------------------------------------------------- The datasets contains: - Global precipitation and evaporation data from ERA5 reanalysis - Time series of global, land-only and ocean-only average annual P–E (mm day–1) from the following reanalysis products: 20CRv3, ERA5, ERA20CM, MERRA, CFSR, ERA20C, JRA55 and MERRA2. --------------------------------------------------- Data provided in relation to figure --------------------------------------------------- Panel a: - Data files: IntermediateData_era5_evap_2.nc and era5_tp_2.nc Panel b: - Data file: GPME2.csv and GPME2.mat Panel c: - Data file: LPME2.csv and LPME2.mat Panel d: - Data file: OPME2.csv and OPME2.mat For panels b to d: I.     Column 2: orange solid line II.    Column 3: cyan solid line III.   Column 4: black solid line IV.   Column 5: grey solid line V.    Column 6: blue solid line VI.   Column 7: dark green solid line VII.  Column 8: brown solid line VIII. Column 9: green solid line 20CRv3 is the NOAA-CIRES-DOE Twentieth Century Reanalysis Version 3. ERA5 is a reanalysis of the global climate from 1950 to present, developed by ECMWF. ERA20CM is a twentieth century atmospheric model ensemble developed by ECMWF. MERRA stands for Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications. CFSR stands for Climate Forecast System Reanalysis. ERA20C is the first atmospheric reanalysis of the 20th century, from 1900-2010, developed by ECMWF. JRA55 stands for Japanese 55-year Reanalysis. MERRA2 stands for Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, version 2. --------------------------------------------------- Notes on reproducing the figure from the provided data --------------------------------------------------- Additional information to correctly reproduce the figure in the corresponding readme files for code archived on Zenodo (see the link to code provided in the Related Documents section of this catalogue record). --------------------------------------------------- Sources of additional information --------------------------------------------------- The following weblinks are provided in the Related Documents section of this catalogue record: - Link to the figure on the IPCC AR6 website - Link to the report component containing the figure (Chapter 2) - Link to the Supplementary Material for Chapter 2, which contains details on the input data used in Table 2.SM.1 - Link to the code for the figure, archived on Zenodo.

The World Climate Research Program (WCRP) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 6 (CMIP6) data from the Research Center for Environmental Changes (AS-RCEC) TaiESM1 model output for the "AMIP SSTs with pre-industrial anthropogenic and natural forcing" (amip-piForcing) experiment. These are available at the following frequency: Amon. The runs included the ensemble member: r1i1p1f1. CMIP6 was a global climate model intercomparison project, coordinated by PCMDI (Program For Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison) on behalf of the WCRP and provided input for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 6th Assessment Report (AR6). The official CMIP6 Citation, and its associated DOI, is provided as an online resource linked to this record.

The World Climate Research Program (WCRP) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 6 (CMIP6) data from the Met Office Hadley Centre (MOHC) HadGEM3-GC31-MM model output for the "Assimilation run paralleling the historical simulation, which may be used to generate hindcast initial conditions" (dcppA-assim) experiment. These are available at the following frequency: Omon. The runs included the ensemble members: r10i1p1f2, r1i1p1f2, r2i1p1f2, r3i1p1f2, r4i1p1f2, r5i1p1f2, r6i1p1f2, r7i1p1f2, r8i1p1f2 and r9i1p1f2. CMIP6 was a global climate model intercomparison project, coordinated by PCMDI (Program For Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison) on behalf of the WCRP and provided input for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 6th Assessment Report (AR6). The official CMIP6 Citation, and its associated DOI, is provided as an online resource linked to this record.

This dataset contains cloud images from the NCAS Camera 12, one of two identical cameras (designated as ncas-cam-11 and ncas-cam-12), captured at various sites around the Magdalena Mountains, New Mexico, USA, as part of the Deep Convective Microphysics Experiment (DCMEX). DCMEX examined the formation and development of clouds over mountains during July and August 2022. These cameras were designed to take simultaneous images of the same object while placed a distance apart to create a stereo image, but this was not always possible; on some days only one camera was used or the two cameras were deployed in separate locations. The images from this camera were taken during the duration of the DCMEX campaign of clouds from a range of sites. These are accompanied by similar images from a sibling camera (see connected dataset). Where the two cameras were operated at the same site they were synchronised in terms of camera settings (exposure, etc) and camera pointing directions to facilitate the onward use of images as stereoscopic imagery. For those latter instances files have been marked with stereo-a or stereo-b within the filename to denote where the images form the left of right image for such images. Other images do not contain these additional filename fields to denote when the cameras were used in stand-along mode. Note, due to the nature of coordinating images between the two cameras one was designated as the primary camera from which the settings were then conveyed to the secondary camera by the coordinating software. As a result exact image synchronisation wasn't possible and thus the secondary camera image may have a timestamp that is a second or so later.

This dataset contains point measurement of snow-air transition temperatures at 2 cm intervals on a 5 m thermistor chain installed spanning the snow-air transition at Summit Station, Greenland. Measurements were made using a Snow Ice Mass Balance Apparatus (SIMBA) with a bespoke 5 m chain. These data were collected as part of the joint Natural Environmental Research Council (NERC) and US National Science Foundation (NSF) -funded Integrated Characterisation of Energy, Clouds, Atmospheric state, and Precipitation at Summit - Aerosol Cloud Experiment (ICECAPS-ACE) project. These data were continued through the 3 year extension to the ICECAPS-ACE project called ICECAPS-MELT.

The World Climate Research Program (WCRP) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 6 (CMIP6) data from the the CNRM-CERFACS team CNRM-CM6-1 model output for the "AMIP SSTs with pre-industrial anthropogenic and natural forcing" (amip-piForcing) experiment. These are available at the following frequencies: Amon and fx. The runs included the ensemble member: r1i1p1f2. CMIP6 was a global climate model intercomparison project, coordinated by PCMDI (Program For Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison) on behalf of the WCRP and provided input for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 6th Assessment Report (AR6). The official CMIP6 Citation, and its associated DOI, is provided as an online resource linked to this record. The the CNRM-CERFACS team team consisted of the following agencies: Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques (CNRM) and Centre Européen de Recherche et Formation Avancée en Calcul Scientifique (CERFACS).

This is version v3.3.0.2022f of Met Office Hadley Centre's Integrated Surface Database, HadISD. These data are global sub-daily surface meteorological data. The quality controlled variables in this dataset are: temperature, dewpoint temperature, sea-level pressure, wind speed and direction, cloud data (total, low, mid and high level). Past significant weather and precipitation data are also included, but have not been quality controlled, so their quality and completeness cannot be guaranteed. Quality control flags and data values which have been removed during the quality control process are provided in the qc_flags and flagged_values fields, and ancillary data files show the station listing with a station listing with IDs, names and location information. The data are provided as one NetCDF file per station. Files in the station_data folder station data files have the format "station_code"_HadISD_HadOBS_19310101-20230101_v3.3.1.2022f.nc. The station codes can be found under the docs tab. The station codes file has five columns as follows: 1) station code, 2) station name 3) station latitude 4) station longitude 5) station height. To keep informed about updates, news and announcements follow the HadOBS team on twitter @metofficeHadOBS. For more detailed information e.g bug fixes, routine updates and other exploratory analysis, see the HadISD blog: http://hadisd.blogspot.co.uk/ References: When using the dataset in a paper you must cite the following papers (see Docs for link to the publications) and this dataset (using the "citable as" reference) : Dunn, R. J. H., (2019), HadISD version 3: monthly updates, Hadley Centre Technical Note. Dunn, R. J. H., Willett, K. M., Parker, D. E., and Mitchell, L.: Expanding HadISD: quality-controlled, sub-daily station data from 1931, Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 5, 473-491, doi:10.5194/gi-5-473-2016, 2016. Dunn, R. J. H., et al. (2012), HadISD: A Quality Controlled global synoptic report database for selected variables at long-term stations from 1973-2011, Clim. Past, 8, 1649-1679, 2012, doi:10.5194/cp-8-1649-2012 Smith, A., N. Lott, and R. Vose, 2011: The Integrated Surface Database: Recent Developments and Partnerships. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 92, 704–708, doi:10.1175/2011BAMS3015.1 For a homogeneity assessment of HadISD please see this following reference Dunn, R. J. H., K. M. Willett, C. P. Morice, and D. E. Parker. "Pairwise homogeneity assessment of HadISD." Climate of the Past 10, no. 4 (2014): 1501-1522. doi:10.5194/cp-10-1501-2014, 2014.

The World Climate Research Program (WCRP) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 6 (CMIP6) data from the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (NASA GISS) GISS-E2-1-G model output for the "AMIP SSTs with pre-industrial anthropogenic and natural forcing" (amip-piForcing) experiment. These are available at the following frequency: Amon. The runs included the ensemble member: r1i1p1f1. CMIP6 was a global climate model intercomparison project, coordinated by PCMDI (Program For Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison) on behalf of the WCRP and provided input for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 6th Assessment Report (AR6). The official CMIP6 Citation, and its associated DOI, is provided as an online resource linked to this record.

The World Climate Research Program (WCRP) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, Phase 6 (CMIP6) data from the Norwegian Climate Centre (NCC) NorESM2-LM model output for the "AMIP with uniform 4K SST increase" (amip-p4K) experiment. These are available at the following frequency: Amon. The runs included the ensemble member: r1i1p2f1. CMIP6 was a global climate model intercomparison project, coordinated by PCMDI (Program For Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison) on behalf of the WCRP and provided input for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 6th Assessment Report (AR6). The official CMIP6 Citation, and its associated DOI, is provided as an online resource linked to this record.

This dataset contains cloud images from the NCAS Camera 11, one of two identical cameras (designated as ncas-cam-11 and ncas-cam-12) captured at various sites around the Magdalena Mountains, New Mexico, USA, as part of the Deep Convective Microphysics Experiment (DCMEX). DCMEX examined the formation and development of clouds over mountains during July and August 2022. These cameras were designed to take simultaneous images of the same object while placed a distance apart to create a stereo image, but this was not always possible; on some days only one camera was used or the two cameras were deployed in separate locations. The images from this camera were taken during the duration of the DCMEX campaign of clouds from a range of sites. These are accompanied by similar images from a sibling camera (see connected dataset). Where the two cameras were operated at the same site they were synchronised in terms of camera settings (exposure, etc) and camera pointing directions to facilitate the onward use of images as stereoscopic imagery. For those latter instances files have been marked with stereo-a or stereo-b within the filename to denote where the images form the left of right image for such images. Other images do not contain these additional filename fields to denote when the cameras were used in stand-along mode. Note, due to the nature of coordinating images between the two cameras one was designated as the primary camera from which the settings were then conveyed to the secondary camera by the coordinating software. As a result exact image synchronisation wasn't possible and thus the secondary camera image may have a timestamp that is a second or so later.